Bone density (DEXA) scan

Bone density and heart health

Bone density is important for more than just strong bones, it’s also closely linked to heart health. When bone density is low, the same changes that weaken bones can make arteries stiffer and less flexible, increasing the risk of heart disease. This happens partly because calcium can move out of weak bones and build up in artery walls, causing them to harden (a process called arterial calcification).

Research shows that people with low bone density are more likely to develop heart problems like heart attacks and strokes, and that both weak bones and stiff arteries share common risk factors such as ageing, lack of exercise, and poor diet.

What is a bone density (DEXA) scan?

A bone density scan is an X-ray scan that uses dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA or DXA) to evaluate and measure bone density (the amount of bone mineral in bone tissue). DEXA is a technology that uses low-energy X-ray beams. This type of test is typically used to check for bone issues but can also assess your heart’s risk of cardiovascular diseases.

It helps us see any abnormalities with the heart, such as aortic calcification, and highlight any issues with your bone density that may be a sign of a higher risk of a heart condition. Studies have found that lower bone density is linked to stiffer arteries and a higher risk of heart disease.

Aortic valve calcification causes plaques to build up in the main aortic valve and cause complications such as a heart attack or stroke. Factors that can put you at risk of aortic valve calcification include smoking or using tobacco products, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, or high blood sugar.

Preparation

Not much preparation is needed before this scan. 

You will need to remove any clothing or accessories with metal, such as zips, belts, clasps, bras, and piercings. If necessary, a gown may be required to be worn.

If you take a calcium supplement or other over-the-counter vitamins, we request that you stop taking them 24 hours before your test, as they may interfere with the results.

Please notify us if you are pregnant or suspect you might be pregnant, as we may have to take special precautions or postpone the DEXA scan until after you deliver your baby.

Procedure

Before the scan starts, we will have you lie down on your back on an X-ray table. A radiographer, a specialist in taking X-ray images, will then pass a large scanning arm over your body. As the scanner moves across your body, a low dose of X-rays will be projected through the part of your body being examined.

While the scan is happening, we will need you to keep still so that the scan images are as clear as possible. This scan should take 10 to 20 minutes.

Results and aftercare

After this scan, there is no necessary aftercare; you can get dressed and return to your typical routine.

Your results may need to be analysed before you receive them, so you may not get them immediately. We may also need to consider your medical history and the results of any other tests you’ve had. You can typically expect to receive your results within 7-10 working days.

Dr Assomull will discuss your results with you at your next appointment. We may recommend further tests, such as blood work or cardiovascular imaging, to better assess your heart risk. While awaiting results, it’s important to focus on healthy habits. Ensure that you look out for any new symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or palpitations, and seek immediate medical attention if these arise.

After discussing your bone density (DEXA) scan results, there are several actionable steps you can take to support your heart health. If your scan shows signs of concern, it’s important to adopt a heart-healthy lifestyle. This can include increasing physical activity, aiming for a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, and limiting processed foods, salt, and added sugars. If you smoke, seek support to quit, and moderate your alcohol intake. Managing blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar through regular check-ups is also key.